Myth Study Guide

CLT3378 Exam 1 Dr. Branscome Section 4 http//quizlet. com/14533032/clt3378-flash-cards/ Above is a link to a useful, flash card, study tool to help master these terms. * Hero Figures in whom the deitys take a supernumerary interest. An exercising of a hero in Grecian culture is Hercules. * Trickster Tricksters be amoral, shape-shifting deceivers in all(prenominal)egoryology. An example in the Babylonian Enuma Elish is the idol Ea. * Polytheism The belief and acknowledgement of opusy divinitys. Polytheistic cultures include the Greeks, Canaanites and Babylonians. Anthropomorphism idea of idols in shape of hu serviceman beings, have f wareures of humans and act like humans. An example of this is Baal in the Canaanite Baal Cycle. * Binaturalism predilection of gods with as having two natures. An example of binaturalism is the Babylonian Tiamat, who is twain a god and a thing ( sea). * Syncretism adjustment of one cultures fabricationic beliefs by a nonher culture. An example is the Sumerian Inanna is the same as the Akkadian Ishtar. * Sphere of reconcile Areas with which gods are associated/have power. For example the Greek god Zeus is the god of rain, lightning, queenship, hospitality. Primordial amniotic fluid Waters that exist at beginning of or even before fundament. In many globe fictions. comm exactly precede the sea and some other large bodies of water * Ancient Near East The area comprehend Mesopotamia, Canaan, Israel, Anatolia and Egypt in which many myths were adopted such as the Babylonian Enuma Elish. The Ancient Near East does not include Ancient Greece. * Mesopotamia Mesopotamia is kn push up as the land betwixt the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Cultures such as the Babylonians resided there and assembled the creative activity myth, the Enuma Elish. * Sumerians The Sumerians were the basic the great unwashed to inhabit Mesopotamia.They are considered the first human civilization and influenced the Akkadians. * Akkadians The Akkadians were a culture in Mesopotamia. They overtook the Sumerians and adopted their spoken lyric. * Babylonians The Babylonians were a culture in Mesopotamia. They created the myth the Enuma Elish and spoke a dialect of the Akkadian language. * Enuma Elish A Babylonian Myth was written about 2000 BCE. This myth is a creation myth and succession myth that involves a great dispute between the drive god Marduk and Tiamat, the god of the seas. * Marduk The storm god in the Babylonian Enuma Elish.He is the son of Ea and Damkina, is crowned king of the gods and defeats Tiamat, creating the heavens and the earth. * cuneate Cuneiform is a type of mitt composing on tablets commonly used by ancient cultures such as the Babylonians. The myth the Enuma Elish was written by the Babylonians in cuneiform. * Apsu Apsu is the binatural, Babyloninan god of freshwater who is the husband of Tiamat. Apsu is pour decked in the Enuma Elish by Ea. * Tiamat Tiamat, the wife of Apsu, is the binatural, Babylonian god of the seas. In the Enuma Elish, Tiamat conflicts the storm god Marduk and loses. Lahmu Lahmu is the son of the gods Tiamat and Apsu. In the Babylonian Enuma Elish, Lahmu is described as being organise from the amalgamate waters of Apsu and Tiamat. * Lahamu Lahamu is the young woman of the gods Apsu and Tiamat. In the Babylonian Enuma Elish, Lahmu is described as being formed from the mingling waters of Apsu and Tiamat. * Anshar Anshar is the Babylonian riffle god. In the Enuma Elish, he is the son of Lahmu and Lahamu. * Kishar Kishar is the Babylonian earth goddess. In the Enuma Elish, she is the missy of Lahmu and Lahmu. * Anu Anu is the son of both Anshar and Kishar.In the Babylonian Enuma Elish, Anu gives Marduk the iv winds to defeat Tiamat. * Ea/Enki/Nuddimud Ea is the Babylonian trickster god who is the engender of Marduk. In the Enuma Elish, Ea discovers Apsus plot to wage war against the gods and Ea kills him. * Mummu Mummu is a vizier in th e Babylonian Enuma Elish. In this myth, Mummu gives Apsu the go ahead to kill the gods and is captured by Ea once he discovers Mummus plot. * Damkina In the Babylonian Enuma Elish, Damkina is the mother of Marduk. She is the consort of Ea. * Qingu/ human race-beateru Qingu is the leader of Tiamats army of xi monsters in the Babylonian Enuma Elish.Tiamat also gives Qingu the Tablet of Destinies. * Tablet of Destinies The Tablet of Destinies is given to Qingu in the Babylonian Enuma Elish. Marduk kills Tiamat and her army and reclaims the Tablet of Destinies. * Semitic Semitic is a Mesopotamian culture that speaks a language similar to the language Hebrew. The Akkadians spoke this language. * Amorites Amorites are a slew that overthrew the Sumerians in Mesopotamia in 1900 BCE. They spoke a dialect of Akkadian. * Babylon Babylon is the established capital of the United States urban center of Mesopotamia when controlled by the Amorites.People that lived in the capital metropolis of Babylon were known as Babylonians and they are attributed for adopting the Enuma Elish. * ziggurat zikkurat is the temple in which gods were idolizationed in Mesopotamia. Each city-state had its own patron god, and that god was worshipped in a ziggurat. * Akitu Akitu is also known as the Babylonian New Year Festival. This festival honored Marduk as the King of the gods in the city of Babylon. * Baal Cycle The Baal Cycle is a group of poesys that surround the Canaanite god Baal. These myths involve Baals battle with yam, Baals battle with Mot, and the dilemma surrounding his palace. Ugarit Ugarit was a coastal trading city which was prosperous around 1400 BCE. This city is where thousands of clay tablets were build, including the Canaanite Baal Cycle * Canaan Canaan is the region in which Ugarit was located. In this region, the Baal Cycle was adopted. * Canaanite Canaanites are the people who lived in the region of Canaan. They were one of the first cultures to use an alphabe tic writing system instead of a cuneiform system. * El El is the father of the gods in Canaanite mythology. In the Baal Cycle, El agrees to give up Baals privateness place to Yam so they could battle. Baal Baal is the storm god mentioned in the Canaanite Baal Cycle. He uses two clubs to defeat Yam and become known as Baal the Conqueror. * Hadad Hadad is other name for the storm god Baal. In Caananite culture, Hadad core thunderer. * Dagon Dagon is the father of Baal in the Baal Cycle. He is the god of grain. * Zaphon Zaphon is the sacred plug that be farsighteds to Baal. In the Canaanite Baal Cycle, Baals palace is constructed here. * Asherah In Canaanite mythology, Asherah is the wife of the god El. She is known as the Mother of the divinitys. * Anat In Canaanite myhtology, Anat is the sister of Baal.She is the bloodthirsty goddess of war and hunting who slaughters Yams warriors in the Baal Cycle. * Kothar-wa-Hasis In Canaanite mythology, Kothar is a craftsman god. In the Ba al Cycle, he creates the clubs Baal uses to defeat Yam and Baals house out of cedar. * Shapash Shapash is the sun goddess in Canaanite mythology. In the Baal Cycle, she advises Baal to create a substitute that Mot leave kill instead of Baal himself. * Attanu-Purlianni Attanu-Purlianni is the name of the promontory priest of the temple of Baal. The Ugaritic text the Baal Cycle was found in his library. Ilimiku Ilimiku is the scribe who lived in Canaan. Ilimiku is the scribe who wrote down the Baal Cycle. * Niqmaddu II Niqmaddu II was the king of Ugarit around 1375-1345 BCE. He was the king of Ugarit when the Baal Cycle was written. * Yam Yam is the god of the seas in Canaanite culture. In the Canaanite Baal Cycle, Yam is thwarted by the storm god Baal. * Mot Mot is dying inCanaanite mythology. He battles Baal in the Baal Cycle. * reticular activating system Shamara Ras Shamara is the modern name for the ancient city of Ugarit. Excavations of Ras Shamara gave light to Ugaritic cul ture, including the Baal Cycle. Hittites The Hittites are an Indo-European people who ruled from 1700 to 1200BCE. Their mythology included over 600 gods and created the Kumarbi Cycle. * Hattians The Hattians are a pre-Hittite people who resided in Anatolia. They were taken over by the Hittites and adopted a lot of their culture and syncretized some of their gods. * Hurrians The Hurrians were a people who resided in northern, modern-day Syria who had an empire named Mittani. They were overtaken by the Hittites and syncretized some of their gods. * Hattusas Hattusas is the capital of the Hittite empire.This city is where the Illuyanka Myths were found written on cuneiform tablets. * Hattian Storm God The Hattian Storm god has no name and was the chief god of the Hittites. In version 1 of the Illuyanka Myths, the storm god defeats Illyanka when she is drunk and tied up. * Illuyanka Illuyanka is the serpentine calculus in the Hattian Iluyanka Myths. In the first version, Illuyanka is killed by the storm god himself, whereas in the second version, Illuyanka is killed by the storm gods son. * Purulli Festival The Purulli Festival is the festival celebrating the arrival of spring by the Hattians.The Illuyanka Myths are associated with the Purulli Festival. * Inara Inara is the daughter of the storm god in Hattian mythology. In the first version of the Illuyanka myths, Inara creates a feast for Illuyanka, and tricks the serpent into acquiring slain. * Hupasiya Hupasiya is a mortal man who agrees to help Inara in the first version of the Hattian Illuyanka myths. In the myth, he ties up Illuyanka when she is extremely drunk and as a reward gets to sleep with Inara. * Kumarbi Cycle The Kumarbi Cycle is considered a Hurrian literary work but is written in Hittite. These poems describe the Hurrian god of the Underworld, Kumarbi. Kumarbi Kumarbi is the Hurrian god of the underworld. In the Hurrian Song of Kumarbi, he debases Anu and s environows his genitals, becoming pr egnant with gods. * Alalu Alalu is the king of the gods in Hurrian mythology and is the father of Kumarbi. In the Song of Kumarbi, he is dethroned by Anu. * Tessub Tessub is the toss away god in Hurrian mythology. In the Song of Ullikummi, Tessub battles Ullikummi. * Song of Kumarbi The Song of Kumarbi is a succession myth in Hurrian mythology. In this myth, Kumarbi is ultimately overthrown by Tessub. * Song of Ullikummi The song of Ullikummi is a succession myth in Hurrian mythology.In this myth, Kumarbi attempts to overthrow Tessub by impregnating a three mile rock with a child named Ullikummi to storm the heavens. * Ullikummi Ullikummi is the child of Kumarbi and a stone in the Hurrian Song of Ullikummi. In this myth, Ishtanu spots Ulikummi growing and tells Tessub of the plot a battle ensues and Ullikummi is defeated by Tessub. * Istanu Ishtanu is the sun god in Hurrian mythology. In the Song of Ullikummi, Ishtanu discovers Ullikummi growing and warns Tessub about the threat. * Ubelurri Ubelurri is the supporter of the sky in Hurrian mythology, similar to Atlas role in Greek Mythology.In the Hurrian Song of the Ulikummi, Ea goes to Ubelurri and cuts off Ulikummi with a cracking tool, removing Ulikummi from his hiding place * Musilis I Musilis I is the Hittite king who was in charge of the raid of Babylon. This around likely resulted in the syncretism of the trickster god Ea in many Hittian myths. * Hattusilis I Hattusilis I is the father of Musilis I. He was the king who founded the Hittian Empire in Anatolia. * Indo-European The language of the Hittites which approximately likely originated in central Europe. This language is the ancestor to most modern day European languages. Mitanni Mitanni is the capital of the Hurrian Empire north of Mesopotamia. Mittani is a ethnic icon of the Hurrians which influence a lot of Hittite cultures. * propagation propagation is the first book of the Torah and countersign which outlines two creation myths and a flo od myth. This Israelite book is written in mostly prose which is drastically contrary than other myths of the cartridge clip such as the Enuma Elish and the Baal Cycle. * Israelites/Hebrews The Israelites are a culture who resided in Canaan and were monotheistic. They are responsible for constructing the book of Genesis. elohim Elohim is the title of the Israelite god in Genesis. This name is similar to the Canaanite el but is a title rather than a name. * Yahweh Yahweh is the name of the Hebrew God. Yahweh is a name given to call God in the Hebrew Book of Genesis. * adonay Adonay means lord and is the newer name people used to describe god after 538 BCE. This is because people believed that Yahweh was too holy for humans to speak. * monolatry Monolatry is the acknowledgement that there are many gods however, only one is worshipped. This was the view of the Hebrew culture. * monotheism Monotheism is the belief that there is only one god.This is the view of Hebrews after the Babylo nian Exile in 536 BCE. * Leviathan Leviathan is the sea creature that symbolizes evil in the Hebrew culture. In Genesis, Yahweh defeats the Leviathan, similar to Marduk defeating Tiamat. * Rahab Rahab is another name for the sea serpent that Yahweh defeats. In Israelite mythology, the battle between Rahab and Yahweh is symbolism for the battle between ordering and chaos. * bereshith Bereshith is the Hebrew intelligence activity importee in the beginning. This name is a description of chapter 1 of Genesis because it describes the Israelite myth of creation. JEDP Theory The JEDP theory is the modern theory describing the Hebrew Torah, which contains Genesis. The theory explains that there are many discrepancies because the indite was compiling several stories into one which means there are four distinct authors to the Torah. * shemesh Shemesh is Hebrew tidings meaning Sun. This raillery is used in Genesis to distinguish it from other cultures around the same time such as the Uga ritic sun god Shapash, because the author of Genesis didnt want to create the painfulnessting that Yahweh was creating a binatural god. * yareah Yareah is the Hebrew word meaning Moon.This word is used in Genesis to distinguish it from other cultures around the same time such as the Ugaritic moon god Yarikh, because the author of Genesis didnt want to create the impression that Yahweh was creating a binatural god. * tehom Tehom is the Hebrew word meaning deep in Genesis. This word is used to refer to the primordial waters which are associated with chaos and disorder. * cosmocentric Cosmocentric is used to refer that the creation of both the heavens and earth are created before humans. This idea is used in the first Hebrew creation myth in Genesis, Chapter 1. geocentric Geocentric is a term used to refer to the creation of the earth, sea and plants. A geocentric creation is mentioned in the first creation myth of the Hebrew Genesis, which occurs on the terce day. * anthropocentric Anthropocentric is a term used to refer to creation of humans being the most important, followed by the Earth and other aspects. This concept is featured in the second creation myth of the Hebew Genesis. * channelize of cognition The Tree of Knowledge is what the serpent in the second creation myth of the Hebrew Genesis lures the man and woman too.The serpent, a trickster, promises the man and woman that eating from the Tree of Knowledge will make them God-like. * Tree of carriage The Tree of Life represents immortality in the Hebrew Genesis. Yahweh warns Adam and Eve to not eat from the Tree of Knowledge when they disobey, he bans them from the garden so as to prevent them from eating of the Tree of Life and gain immortality. * itsavon Itsavon is the Hebrew word meaning pain and toil. This word is mentioned in the second creation myth of the Hebrew Genesis to refer to the punishment that Yahweh bestows upon Adam and Eve for eating from the Tree of Knowledge.For women, it means p ain during child ancestry and for men it means toiling in the soil. * adam Adam is the Hebrew word meaning man. This word is used as a pun on the word adamah in Genesis because adamah means clay and the first man is made from clay. * adamah Adamah is the Hebrew word meaning clay. This word is used as a pun on the word adam in Genesis because adam means man and clay is used to create the first man. * Adam Adam is the name given to the first created man in the second creation myth of the Hebrew Genesis. Adam is very obedient to Yahweh, but disobeys him when he accepts fruit from the Tree of Knowledge from Eve. Eve Eve is the name given to the first created woman in the second creation myth of the Hebrew Genesis. Eve is tricked by the serpent into eating from the Tree of Knowledge and is punished by Yahweh. * Tanakh Tanakh is the word given to describe the Jewish Bible. The first book of the Tanakh is the book of Genesis which outlines creation. * Israelite An Israelite is an inhabita nt of the ancient kingdom of Israel. Israelites were the first believers in monotheism and authored the book of Genesis. * Solomon Solomon is the son of David, whose reign marks the noble point of political power of Ancient Israel.Solomon built a temple in Jerusalem to worship the one, Hebrew, god Yahweh. * Babylonian Exile The Babylonian fare is when the Babylonians destroyed Jerusalem in 586 BCE and deported the Israelites to Babylon. This exile label the point in which the Israelites shifted from monolatry to monotheism. * Cyrus the Great Cyrus the Great is Persian conqueror of Babylon in 538. He allowed the Israelites to return to their country of origin and rebuild Jerusalem. * Hesiod Hesiod is the Greek Poet who wrote the Theogony. In the beginning of the Theogony, Hesiod calls on the Muses to assist him in writing the myth. Theogony The Greek Theogony is both a creation and a succession myth written by Hesiod around 700 BCE. This myth describes the creation of the existe nce and the succession of Kronos over Ouranos, and Zeus over Kronos. * proem A proem is a short introduction in the opening lines of a poem that introduces a main theme. The Greek Theogony includes a proem in which Hesiod calls on the Muses for inspiration. * Muses The Muses are goddesses that are believed in Greek mythology to inspire poets. In the Greek Theogony? the Muses inspire Hesiod to write the story of creation. * Helikon Helikon is a mountain in Greece.In Greek mythology, this mountain is believed to serve as the home for the Muses. * Chaos Chaos is the first god created in the Greek Theogony. Hesiod describes the binatural god Chaos as a large void and scissure of empty space. * Gaia/Ge Gaia is the binatural goddess of the Earth. In the Greek Theogony, she is considered to be one of the first four primal gods. * Tartaros Tartaros is binatural god of the area below underworld. Considered to be one of the primal gods in the Greek Theogony, Tartaros is considered to be a pr ison where the Titans were confined. * Eros Eros is the Greek, binatural, goddess of sexual desire.Eros is considered to be one of the primal gods in the Theogony. * Erebos Erebos is the god of the underworld in Greek mythology. In Hesiods Theogony, Erebos is natural as a result of pathogenesis and conceives telephone circuit and Day with Night. * Ouranos Ouranos is the god of the sky in Greek mythology. In Hesiods Theogony, Ouranos mates with Gaia and gives birth to the titans, Cyclopes and the Hundred-handers. * Titans The Titans are the children of Ouranos and Gaia in Greek mythology. In Hesiods Theogony, the Titans are defeated by Zeus and the Hundred-handers and are thrown into Tartaros. Cyclopes The Cyclopes are the children of Gaia and Ouranos in Greek mythology. In Hesiods Theogony, Zeus frees the Cyclopes from Tartaros and they make his thunderbolts which are used to defeat the Titans. * Hundred-handers The Hundred-handers are the children of Gaia and Ouranos in Greek Myt hology. In Hesiods Theogony, the Hundred-handers help Zeus defeat the Titans. * Zeus Zeus is the king of the gods in Greek mythology. In Hesiods Theogony, Zeus throws Kronos into Tartaros and becomes King of the Gods. * Kronos Kronos is a titan in Greek mythology.In Hesiods Theogony, Kronos stands up to Ouranos, castrates Ouranos with the sickle of adamant, and becomes the king of the gods until his son Zeus overthrows him. * sickle A sickle is a branch that Kronos uses to castrate Ouranos in the Greek Theogony. This sickle is given to Kronos by Gaia because she is furious that Kronos sent her children to Tartaros. * adamant Adamant is a metal in Greek Mythology described as being the strongest metal in the world. Gaia gives Kronos a sickle made of this to castrate his father, Ouranos. * aphros Aphros is the sea effervesce in Greek mythology from which Aphrodite is born.This foam is created when Kronos castrates his father Ouranos and throws his genitals into the sea. * Aphrodite Aphrodite is the goddess of beauty in Greek Mythology. In Hesiods Theogony, she is born from the aphros that are a result of Ouranos castrated genitals in the sea. * Rhea Rhea is wife and sister of Kronos in Greek Mythology. In Hesiods Theogony, Gaia tells Rhea to hide Zeus on Crete because Kronos begins eating all of his children as they are born because a prophecy from Gaia and Ouranos states that Kronos would be overthrown by his son. Olympians The Olympians are the children of Rhea in Greek Mythology. In Hesiods Theogony, the Olympians help wage war with Zeus against the Titans. * Titanomachy Titanomachy is the part of the Greek Theogony that describes battle with the Titans. The titans are thrown into Tartaros by Zeus at the end of the Titanomachy. * Metis Metis is the early mate of Zeus in Greek mythology. In the Theogony, Metis becomes pregnant and Zeus swallows her because a prophecy is known that Zeus son will overthrow the king of the gods. * Athena Athena is the goddess o f wisdom and cleverness in Greek mythology.In the Theogony, Athena is born from Zeus head after swallowing the pregnant Metis. * Typhoios Typhoios is the son of Gaia and Tartaros in Greek mythology. This 100 headed, fire-breathing tophus battles Zeus, loses and is thrown into Tartaros. * Apollodorus Apollodorus is falsely ascribed as the Greek writer who compiled the Library. Apollodorus includes a different version of the battle between Zeus and Typhoios than what is written in Hesiods Theogony. * Library The Library is a Greek mythological vade mecum written around the first or second century CE.The Library is falsely attributed to Apollodorus, rather Psuedo-Apollodorus wrote the Library. * Delphyne Delphyne is a dragon in Greek Mythology that guards the sinews of Zeus. These sinews were stolen from Zeus by Typhon. * Mt. Aitna Mt. Aitna is the location in Apollodorus version of Zeus vs. Typhon in which Zeus attacks Typhon. Typhon is trapped under the mountain by Zeus and it subs equently becomes volcanic. * Phoenicians The Phoenicians were a people live on the coast of modern-day Lebanaon. The Greeks adopted an alphabet script from them and created the Greek alphabet as a result. Ascra Ascra is the city-state in which Hesiod is born. Hesiod is the author of the Greek Theogony. * Cyme Cyme is the city in the Asia minor where Hesiods father left to bear upon to Ascra. This city is important because living close to non-Greek cultures allowed Hesiod to learn many foreign myths, which most likely influenced his writing of the Greek Theogony * Atrahasis Atrahasis is a Babylonian flood myth that describes Atrahasis, the king of the city of Shurupakk, survival. In the myth, Atrahasis builds a sauce gravy holder and survives the flood that lasts for seven days and seven nights. Ipiq-Aya Ipiq-Aya is the author of the Babylonian flood myth Atrahasis. He wrote the poem on three tablets in cuneiform. * Ellil Ellil is the gods boss in in Babylonian Atrahasis. The noise of the humans fretfulness Ellil and he sends a plague, a dearth, a drought and finally a flood to destroy humanity. * Mami/Nintu Mami is the reason goddess in Babylonian mythology. In Atrahasis, Mami creates humans from the blood of Ilawela and clay, creating seven men and seven women. * Ilawela Ilawela is a Babylonian god who is slain in order to create humans.Mami uses the blood of the slain Ilawela to create humans to do the work of the gods. * Shuruppak Shurupakk is the city in which Atrahasis is king. In the Babylonian Atrahasis, Ellil sends a plague to the city of Shuruppak to kill all humanity. * Namtara Namtara is the god that the people of Shuruppak worship once the plague occurs. In the Babylonian Atrahasis, Namtara notices how all the people of the city are only worshipping him and he uplifts the plague to save humanity. * Adad Adad is the god that the people of Shuruppak worship once the famine occurs.In the Babylonian Atrahasis, Adad notices how all the people of th e city are only worshipping him and he uplifts the famine to save humanity. * beating-reed instrument army hut The reed hut is mentioned in the Babylonian Atrahasis when Enki promises not to tell humans about the flood. Instead, Enki tells the wall of a reed hut that a flood will happen and Atrahasis overhears this message to the reed hut and acts on the advice. * Epic of Gilgamesh The Epic of Gilgamesh is a popular work made up of 12 cuneiform tablets. On the eleventh tablet of the Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, is where the flood myth with Utnapishtim is found. Utnapishtim Utnapishtim is the king of the city of Shuruppak. In the Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Utnapistim is warned of a coming flood by Ea, survives and is granted immortality. * bitumen Bitumen is the material used in making boats waterproof. In the Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Utnapishtim uses bitumen to make his boat waterproof and survive the huge flood. * Mt. Nimush Mt. Nimush is the mountain that Utnapishtim la nds on at the end of the flood in the Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh. From this mountain, Utnapishtim releases the three birds, a dove, a swallow and a raven to see if there is land. Noah Noah is the righteous man who evades the Flood in the Hebrew Genesis. God tells Noah to build a boat and to bring two of each animal with him. * cypress woodwind Cypress wood is the wood that is explicitly stated by God to be used in the building of the boat. In the Hebrew Genesis, God gives Noah very specific direction on how to build the boat including that the wood must be cypress and even the exact dimensions. * Mt. Ararat Mt. Ararat is the mountain in which Noah lands on at the end of the flood. In the Hebrew Genesis, Noah sends out a raven and doves from this mountain to see if there is land. berit Berit is the imposing agreement with life on Earth that he will never send any much floods. This agreement was made between God and Noah at the end of the Hebrew Genesis. * Ovid Ovid is a roman po et who was exiled from capital of Italy by Augustus. Ovid is the author of Metamorphoses. * Metamorphoses Metamorphoses is a myth written by Ovid. This authoritative myth explains the creation of the universe and a flood. * Augustus Augustus is the roman emperor around the time when Ovid wrote his Metamorphoses. Augustus sent Ovid out of Rome in exile for being critical of his rule. Stoic Stoic is the architect god in Roman mythology. In the Greco-Roman Metamorphoses, there are two stoic doctrines present which describe the flood and conflagration. * Prometheus Prometheus is one of the four thinkable creators of humans. In the Greco-Roman Metamorphoses, Prometheus uses earth and water to create humans. * Golden eld The golden age is a time of peace and abundance in Greco-Roman mythology. This time was ruled by Saturn and is considered to be the best. * Saturn Saturn is the Roman god who ruled over the Golden eon.In Ovids Metamorphoses Saturn ruled and granted an abundance of pe ace of prosperity. * silverish Age The silver age is the second age in the Greco-Roman Metamorphoses. This period Is ruled by the god Jupiter and is a time when men become more immoral. * Bronze Age The Bronze Age occurs after the Silver Age in Ovids Metamorphoses. This age does not last very long as men are very warlike and kill each other quickly. * Iron Age The Iron Age occurs after the Bronze Age in Ovids Metamorphoses. This age is considered to be our own age, in which technology is advanced, and humans have begun to sail and mine. Lycaon Lycaon is the king of Arcadia (Greece). In the Greco-Roman, Metamorphoses, Lycaon is tested by the god Jupiter and is seen as a bad host. Lycaon is transformed into a wolf as a result. * xenia Xenia is the Greek word meaning hospitality. Jupiter is the god of xenia as he punishes poor hosts. * xenos Xenos is the Greek word meaning guest or host. In Ovids Metamorphoses, Jupiter is the xenos of Lycaon and Lycaon shows him poor hospitality by gi ving him human flesh to eat. * Arcadia Arcadia is the region of Greece where Lycaon is king in the Greco-Roman Metamorphoses.Arcadia is the place in which Jupiter disguises himself as a human and catches Lycaons poor hospitality. * ekpyrosis Ekpyrosis is a Greek word meaning conflagration. Conflagration is one of the Stoics doctrines which describes an extensive fire that destroys a great deal of land. Jupiter considers ekpyrosis in Ovids Metamorphoses, but rejects the idea in fear that the flames might conk the heavens. * kataklysmos Katakylsmos is a term describing a devastating flood. This stoic doctrine is the one chosen by Jupiter in the Greco-Roman Metamorphoses to punish humanity for being poor hosts. Neptune Neptune is Jupiters companion in Greco-Roman Mythology. In Ovids Metamorphoses, Neptune aides Jupiter in sending the flood. * adynaton Adynaton is a Greek word meaning impossible. This refers to the topsy-turvy world in the Greco-Roman Metamporphoses created after Jupi ters flood, for example dolphins stuck in trees. * Deucalion Deucalion is the son of Promethius in Greco-Roman Mythology. In Metamorphoses, he survives the flood with his wife * Pyrrha Pyrrha is the wife of Deucalion and the daughter of Epimetheus in Greco-Roman Mythology.In Metamorphoses, she survives the flood with Deucalion and prays to mountain gods, nymphs and Themis. * Epimetheus Epimetheus is the brother of Prometheus in Greco-Roman mythology. In the Metamorphoses, the daughter of Epimetheus survives the flood. * Mr. Parnassus Mt. Parnassus is the mountain where Deucalion and Pyyrha are swept during Jupiters flood in the Greco-Roman Metamorphoses. On this mountain, Deucalion and Pyyrha pray to the many gods during the flood. * Themis Themis is the oracle that survives Jupiters flood in the Greco-Roman Metamorphoses.In the text, Themis tells Deucalion and Pyrrha to throw the bones of your mother behind your back, which leads to creation of humanity. * Tomis Tomis is the place that Ovid, the roman poet and author of the Greco-Roman Metamrphoses, was exiled to. Ovid wrote poetry in Tomis and sent it to his wife in Rome. * carmen et error Carmen et error is a latin term that means a poem and a mistake. Ovid, the author of the Greco-Roman Metamorphoses, uses this to refer to the reasons he was exiled from Rome. The poem was his guide to pick up women, Ars Amatoria, and his mistake was his sexual involvement with Julia, Emperor Agustus daughter.